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作者 国际基督教共产主义运动简史   
葛亦民




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文章标题: 国际基督教共产主义运动简史 (2107 reads)      时间: 2023-2-11 周六, 10:02   

作者:葛亦民海归茶馆 发贴, 来自【海归网】 http://www.haiguinet.com

国际基督教共产主义运动简史

葛亦民

(公元前4年--2033年)
一、古代基督教共产主义运动。
二、中代基督教共产主义运动。
三、近代基督教共产主义运动。
四、现代基督教共产主义运动。
五、当代基督教共产主义运动。

一、古代基督教共产主义运动。

代表人物:耶稣 保罗 奥古斯丁

(一)、年表。
1、公元前4年,耶稣降世。
2、33年,耶稣被钉死,复活。
3、33年,五旬节圣灵降临,教会产生。
4、48年,保罗开始传教旅程。
5、313年,罗马康斯坦丁大帝发布米兰敕令,基督教在罗马帝国合法化。
6、386年,奥古斯丁接受基督教。
7、392年,罗马皇帝狄奥多西一世将基督教定为国教。

(二)、思想。
1、古代基督教实行有计划的共产主义实践。《使徒行传》二44“信的人都在一处,凡物公用;并且卖了田产家业,照各人所需的分给各人。”
2、在《福音书》、《使徒行传》等基督教的基本教义中,对于基本生活用品的共有共享,是一种普遍的价值认同。充斥着建立一种新的、更好的社会秩序的动力。一切阶级区分都会因着财产的平均分配而消失。事实上,基督教成功的秘密正是在于它能够像一个“共产主义的互助社会”一样运行。
3、公元二世纪的传教士伊里奈乌斯和公元320年的传教士拉克坦提乌斯等,宣说锡利亚式的狂想,细致地描绘了未来的人间天堂,注重实际的共产主义倾向。
4、早期教父时代的东西方教父们不但坚持圣经固有的穷人立场,奥古斯丁等人还倡导在生活中践行原始的共产主义模式,让群体中的每一个人也能获得其应得的。他指出暴力只能带来短暂的和平和益处,唯有以上帝的爱将人连系,才能带来永恒的和平和幸福。
5、耶稣之死也被当作是为众生而死的一个极为崇高的牺牲。耶稣之死不仅被神化,也被赋予了使命感,因而更加具有幻化出来的人类道德的高尚和终极真理。在此基础上构建出来的重要理念包含有:平等、自由(灵魂)、公共(群体)、人类(国际主义)、崇高和无私(博爱)。

二、中代基督教共产主义运动。

代表人物:约阿希姆 阿奎那

(一)、年表。
1、1178 年,约阿希姆当选为高拉索地区西多派修道院院长。
2、1273年,阿奎那称自己看见了神迹。事后他停止写作,使得《神学大全》变成未完成作品。当被问及为何封笔时,阿奎那答道:“我写不下去了……与我所见和受到的启示相比,我过去所写的一切犹如草芥。”

(二)、思想。
1、约阿希姆是僧侣共产主义(寺院共产主义)的理论家,僧侣共产主义是中世纪的社会基础之一。他要在这人欲横流的氛围中寻找一条匡时济世之路,他认为,这条道路就是普遍实行共产主义。
2、中世纪关于共产主义的讨论,是由神学思想家开展的,圣方济各会与圣多明我会是有力的推动者。
3、欧洲中古时代百科全书式的神学家阿奎那把共产主义划入理想境域,他承认纯朴状态已经消失,对穷人应施与救济。阿奎那称:“如果别人太少,一个人断不能有所多余”。在产权、财富和收入分配及价格方面的表述颇具现代社会主义社会的特征。
4、中世纪天主教会曾企图建立“公社”来避免战争。
5、英国内战时期的挖掘派成立了一些共产主义农业公社。
6、中世纪的共产主义与原始基督教的共产主义基于相同的原因,都是消费资料的共产主义,而不是生产资料的共产主义,在这一点上,它同现代共产主义有着本质的区别。上述三种共产主义都具有国际性,是同带有区域性质的柏拉图式的共产主义截然不同的地方。

三、近代基督教共产主义运动。

代表人物: 托马斯·莫尔 闵采尔 圣西门 魏特林 菲力浦·毕舍 拉梅耐 金斯莱 莫里斯

(一)、年表。
1、1516年,托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》一书在英国出版,开创了近代空想社会主义,也是整个社会主义思想和实践的第一阶段。
2、1521年,闵采尔发表《布拉格宣言》,比较清楚地表露了其神学思想和社会革命思想的雏形。。
3、1525年,德国的再洗礼派(信神的社会主义者)受到残酷的迫害。这些再洗礼派教徒在威斯特伐里亚,尼德兰和东佛里斯兰东躲西藏,寻找支持者。满载着分裂派教徒的船抵达阿姆斯特丹。
4、1534年,新教再洗礼派于德国的明斯特地区发动起义,占领市议会,按财产公有的理想变革所有制。
5、18世纪,美国震教徒实验了一种称之为宗教共产主义的共产主义公社。
6、1829年,法国菲力浦·毕舍和拉梅耐创立新天主教\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"社会主义者\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"学派。
7、1836年,魏特林于巴黎成立正义者同盟,成为国际性的工人秘密革命组织。他们的目的是要一切人享有自由与平等,口号是“四海之内皆兄弟“。
8、1843年,魏特林发表《贫苦罪人们的福音》,鼓吹早期基督教共产主义。
9、1850年,英国神父弗·莫里斯和查·金斯莱出版《基督教社会主义短论集》,第一次正式使用“基督教社会主义”这个名词。
10、1872 年, 美国新教组织“ 基督教劳工联盟”鼓吹“ 基督教社会主义”。

(二)、思想。
1、托马斯·莫尔《乌托邦》一书描绘了一个他所憧憬的美好社会,那里一切生产资料归全民所有,生活用品按需分配,人人从事生产劳动,而且有充足的时间从事科学研究和娱乐。是没有私有制,没有剥削,各尽所能,按需分配的理想社会。他笃信基督教,书中的乌托邦居民都是虔诚的基督徒。
2、每一位空想社会主义者都有自己的乌托邦设想。比如意大利人康帕内拉的《太阳城》、德国人安德里亚的《基督城》,以及英国著名哲学家弗·培根的《新大西岛》等等。这些乌托邦作品,都对自己设想的理想社会做了详尽的描写,其中原则性的内容大多是公有制、按需分配、人人平等相爱、社会和平和谐等。
3、托马斯·闵采尔开创了最初的基督教社会主义传统,他怀着锡利亚式的狂想,以极其狂热的激情,把行将建立的新社会想象成了人间天堂。
闵采尔称基督进入他的灵魂,他认为不应在來世而应在现实生活中寻找天国,信教者的使命就是在地球上建立天国,以迎接基督的回归。闵采尔的纲领,是一种基督教共产主义,开创了最初的基督教社会主义传统,尽管当时他使用了暴力革命的方式。
4、闵采尔所在的“再洗礼派”中的胡特选择性地继承了闵采尔所开创的基督教社会主义传统,但将其转化为非暴力的形式,并传播至北美,最终以胡特派和门乐派两种形式得以保存至今。
5、十八世纪法国的卢梭、圣西门等人进一步发展了有关社会主义的理论,并为十九世纪“基督教社会主义”这一概念的最终形成奠定了基础。圣西门在晚年, 曾把他对未来社会的设想称为”新基督教”。他死后, 他的门徒安凡丹等人竭力按基督教义来建立公有制的社会。
6、法国毕舍和拉梅耐的\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"社会主义者\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"学派认为未来的社会主义社会以基督教的出现为开端,以基督教的平等,博爱,慈善三原则的充分实现而告终。而拉梅耐则鼓吹建立以上帝面前人人平等为原则的新社会。新社会的基础将是: 上帝是全人类之父 ; 而基督教则是推动人类进步的精神动力。
7、拉梅耐所写的《信徒的话》一书,抨击当时资本主义的社会和政治制度,宣扬“上帝面前人人平等”,以“劳动获得了选举权,就能主宰世界”来代替革命。毕舍在其创办的《作坊》杂志上,宣扬国家帮助建立工人生产合作社。基督教社会主义表现在实践上,帮助工人建立生产合作社和消费合作社,组织工会、举办劳动大学等。
8、约翰·勒德罗把这一思潮传到了英国,于是在1848年革命之时便掀起了一埸“基督教社会主义”运动。也就是在这场运动中, “ 基督教社会主义 ”这一名称才正式出现。领导这场运动的两个牧师弗·莫里斯和查·金斯莱进行“ 劳动协作社” 的试验, 发行理论杂志,大力宣扬只要实行\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"互济\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"等教义,就能使劳动人民摆脱社会灾难。大力宣传社会主义必须以基督教为基础。
9、 《基督教社会主义短论集》宣扬基督教社会主义就是上帝的法则的证明,口号是: “ 联合和交换” , 不为利润而斗争。主张在基督教基础上建立一个“互爱”、“合作”和“没有人有权利把任何东西据为己有”的富有活力的社团,并认为社会主义不是国家的工作而是基督教的工作。
10、基督教社会主义者认为,基督教及其道德是社会进步的主要动力,应把基督教的平等、博爱、慈善原则弘扬普世,使社会主义基督教化;鼓吹人们彼此相亲相爱,反对私有制和国家权力;谴责资本主义的“贱买贵卖”、“多取少予”违反基督教教义原则;对当时工厂和工场工人的悲惨处境表示同情,反对这种非基督教精神。他们主张以“真正的基督教友爱精神”,依靠国家和上层开明人士的资助,建立生产协作社摆脱资产阶级的经济剥削,改善工人的处境。
11、魏特林主张在尘世建立天堂。他摘录100条圣经,来证明自由思想的最大胆的结论同基督教教义的精神完全一致。他说:“让我们用那几乎在每个家庭中都能找到的福音书支持穷苦人,反对他们的敌人吧!”提出民主共产主义大家庭联盟的设想。他以传教的方式来宣讲共产主义,他用“天国近了”这样的说法,来表示即将到来的共产主义理想。

四、现代基督教共产主义运动。

代表人物: 古铁雷斯 拉菲尔.卡尔拉德

(一)、年表。
1、1968年,“钦伯特会议”上,秘鲁神学家、多明我会教士古铁雷斯用“解放神学”为题发表演说。
2、1971年,古铁雷斯的名著《解放神学》发表,标志拉美诞生一种基督教社会主义思潮--解放神学。
3、1976年,委内瑞拉拉菲尔.卡尔拉德当选为基督教社会党全国委员会委员后任党的最高领袖。

(二)、思想。
1、基督教社会主义思想对于欧洲政党政治的影响力也从20世纪初延续至今。二次大战 后, 西欧一些国家出现了基督教社会党之类的政党。
2、解放神学虽由天主教界发起,但影响力也扩展至新教界。他们所期盼的神学是可以实践并投入在解放过程中的神学,因此他们在进行神学反思的同时,引入了马克思主义社会经济理论作为其分析工具。在基督教发展史中历来存在着将耶稣描绘成解放者的传统,世世代代的人们不断重新诠释着其含义,并以此来鼓舞人类争取解放的运动。
3、关注人间制度的公平正义问题,例如贫穷的世袭化、经济资源的集中在少数人手中与种族歧视问题等,这些都是解放神学所要解放的对象。认为未来的社会要与资本主义实行彻底决裂,社会主义才是拉美的出路,才能把人从各种奴役下解放出来,成为自己命运的主人。同时,它强调解放实践和阶级斗争的重要性。认为人从事反对剥削、压迫、异化的斗争,从事消灭一切不公正的解放斗争就是遵循上帝的律令、号召信徒要积极投身到穷人的解放斗争中去。
4、拉菲尔.卡尔拉德是拉美著名的基督教社会主义领袖。

五、当代基督教共产主义运动。

代表人物:葛亦民

(一)、年表。
1、1969年,葛亦民降世。(神子降临,上帝之子救世主。1岁)
2、1985年,立志统一世界五步骤:北京大学、出外国、诺贝尔文学奖、社团、统一世界。(16岁)
(现在统一世界五步骤:南京大学、神网、神经、神教、统一世界。)
3、2001年,葛亦民在镇江家中躺大床上午睡,异梦中,神说:“我是神,你们要听他(葛亦民)。”立即醒来,对“指葛亦民”感到神奇,当时妻儿在家。(葛亦民受膏作神)。(32岁)
4、2014年,神经第一版在香港四季出版社出版,书号:ISBN978-988-13762-1-3。并在香港特区政府康乐及文化事务署书刊注册组注册。(45岁)
5、2015年,《青年文学家》期刊4月11期发表葛亦民论文《当代基督教共产主义—葛亦民的<神经>》,并被中国知网等收录。(46岁)
6、2019年,葛亦民成神。(50岁)
(神经一71、20190907异梦:葛亦民成神,迎娶新妇。有声音说:上帝把一切赐给人,人千万不要互相斗争。)
(神经一74、20191005异象:世界联盟主席。异梦中,试炼了上半辈子,今天终于做了世界联盟主席。我就是梦境和魂灵,我就是上帝最后的约定。”新天新地已到来。)
7、2033年,实现共产主义,世界大同。(64岁)
(20131126异梦:20年后(2033年)政党灭亡。和谐的共产社会,人类和平互助管理,不再需要专政党。)

(二)、思想。
1、神经十45、共产社会只有三种人:(1)财富生产者,一切有劳动能力的人各尽其能。(2)财富分配者,财富分配本身也是种劳动。(3)财富享用者,即所有人,按需(合理需求)分配,即社会能提供的财富平均分配。
2、神经十74、不言而喻,任何社会,只要存在贫富等级,就必然有偷盗抢劫行骗杀人革命,永远没有和谐。
3、神经十96、物质均平,可以解决绝大多数社会问题。并且,社会会一直进步,生命力不会丧失。因为,从神角度,我们探求神的作为,永无穷尽;从人性角度,人类需求的不断衍生推动着物质条件的发展,物质的发展又继续衍生需求,需求是不会消失的。
4、神经十97、正因为存在贫富分化,人们才把追求物质财富当成人生唯一目的,而忽略了人生的本来意义。
5、神经十165、人类社会最后形态,指按需分配,社会一直发展,需求质量越来越高。共产主义政府,就是自由人联合体,不再是专政机器。共产主义的自由,建立在每个人自由之上。现在产共,物质条件已在眼前,心共,即更新人类的心灵,葛亦民主义福音传遍全球,被人类接受。
6、神经十八41、两大(社会化大生产和互联网大革命)的今天,实现葛亦民主义,实现共产社会,物质条件已具备,只等精神条件具备,即更新人类的心灵,葛亦民主义福音传遍全球,被人类接受。

作者:葛亦民海归茶馆 发贴, 来自【海归网】 http://www.haiguinet.com









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