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 Basel II-New regulatory guidelines for banks (ZT) |
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赶时髦
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作者：游客 在 海归商务 发贴, 来自【海归网】 http://www.haiguinet.com
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in Basle, Switzerland, is an international organization which fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks. The BIS also provides the secretariat for the "Basle Committee on Banking Supervision", responsible for the Basle Capital Accords.
The Basle Accord of 1988 ('Basle I') requires banks to protect themselves against the risks involved in their business activities, specifically the risks involved in their lending activities. The accord specifies the minimum amount of equity capital a bank needs to have in order to ensure that it can meet its obligations if a customer repays a loan too late or only partially or maybe not all. Basle I has now been revised.
The Basel Committee, in which the central banks of nine EU countries, Japan, the United States, Canada and Switzerland are represented, reached final agreement on the new guidelines. It is now up to the European Ministers of Finance and the European Parliament to translate the Basel II directives into law, the provisions of which will then have to be incorporated into national legislation. Political sensitivities can play a part at this stage of the process, for example, regarding the details of the supervisory review process for banks.
*The three pillars of Basle II
The new Accord is based on a three-pillar structure. The first pillar is the minimum capital requirements, while the second pillar is supervision and the third is market forces.
*Minimum capital requirements
The new accord improves the process of assessing credit risks and setting minimum capital requirements. When assessing credit risks, a bank will now be able to choose between a standard approach or an approach based on its own, internal risk models. The use of advanced internal models is preferable as this can lead to reductions in capital adequacy requirements, freeing capital that can be deployed profitably else where in the company.
*Supervision
Supervision is the second pillar of the accord. Each country's central bank is responsible for monitoring the activities of banks in that country. The regulators check to see whether banks have enough capital for the risk profile. They also evaluate banks internal organization and risk models.
*Market forces
The market has a corrective role. Regulators insist on banks publishing detailed information on their credit portfolios, risk profiles and risk models and also on the amount and quality of their capital. This openness enables those providing finance to see whether a bank is sufficiently strong to absorb possible losses. A bank with an unfavorable risk profile will have to pay higher rates on its borrowings. And this market discipline keeps banks focused.
作者：游客 在 海归商务 发贴, 来自【海归网】 http://www.haiguinet.com
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